Forward Rate

A forward rate is a type of interest rate that is agreed upon today for a loan that will be taken out in the future. The forward rate is based on the current market interest rate and the expected future interest rate.

Forward rates are used to hedge against interest rate risk. For example, a company that expects to need to borrow money in the future can lock in a fixed interest rate by entering into a forward rate agreement.

Forward rates are also used to price financial derivatives, such as interest rate swaps and futures contracts.

There are two types of forward rates:

* **Spot forward rates** are forward rates that are agreed upon today for a loan that will be taken out in the future.
* **Term forward rates** are forward rates that are agreed upon today for a loan that will be taken out at a specific future date.

Spot forward rates are calculated using the following formula:

```
F = S * (1 + r)^t
```

where:

* F is the forward rate
* S is the spot rate
* r is the expected future interest rate
* t is the time until the loan is taken out

Term forward rates are calculated using the following formula:

```
F = S * (1 + r)^n
```

where:

* F is the forward rate
* S is the spot rate
* r is the expected future interest rate
* n is the number of years until the loan is taken out

Forward rates are important tools for financial risk management. They can be used to hedge against interest rate risk and to price financial derivatives.